How Headaches Are Treated
There are many treatments for headaches, and what works well for one person may or may not work well for another. Finding the right approach may take a few tries. Making change to your diet and using an over-the-counter pain reliever may be sufficient, but you might need to also explore the use of prescription medications, special therapies, or alternative practices such as acupuncture.
Medications
The most commonly used medications for treating headaches are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs, like ibuprofen and Aleve (naproxen). The major problem with NSAIDs is that some people cannot take them, like those who are at risk for bleeding into their stomach.1 Ibuprofen and Aleve (naprosyn) should also be avoided in those with a history of heart or kidney disease. Tylenol (acetaminophen) is another over-the-counter option that is not an NSAID. But it may not be as effective for some people.
Besides NSAIDs, headaches can be treated with a number of other medications like:
- Ergots (Ergotamine)
- Triptans (e.g., Imitrex and Maxalt, for example)
- Butalbital combinations (e.g., Fioricet or Fiorinal)
- Anti-nausea drugs
While many common medications are used at the onset of a headache to relieve symptoms, there are also medications used regularly to reduce the frequency or intensity of headaches. The calcium-channel blocker verapamil, beta-blocker propranolol, antidepressant Elavil (amitriptyline), and anti-seizure medication topiramate (Topamax) are three examples of migraine preventive medications.
Patients and physicians can together determine which of these medications makes the most sense based on symptoms, side effects, and other medical conditions.
Complementary and Alternative Therapies
Depending on the type of headache and the specific symptoms, complementary and alternative treatments are gaining popularity in dealing with pain.
- Acupuncture involves the insertion of tiny needles into specific points to promote energy flow and pain relief.
- Biofeedback is a process where patients learn to interpret their body’s signals and then promote a natural response.
- Chiropractic and osteopathic manipulative treatments involve adjustments made to the spine and musculoskeletal system to correct imbalances.
- Hypnosis and visual imagery are also being used to treat various types of headaches.
- Homeopathy looks to assess specific symptoms and provide remedies that address each symptom individually or as a group.
Physical Therapy
If your headaches are being caused by muscle tension, physical therapy may be prescribed to address specific muscular issues.2 Treatment protocols vary, but expect regular treatments for a few weeks at a time, with adjustments made depending upon your improvement.
Lifestyle Habits
Since stress in our daily lives may trigger headaches, learning to manage stress in a healthy way can benefit your headaches.3
Exercise is one way to reduce stress. Exercise also causes endorphin release, and endorphins are your body’s natural painkillers.4
Finding food and drinks that trigger headaches
, and then learning to avoid or cope with those, may also reduce the number of headaches you experience.
A Word From Verywell
Whatever your ultimate treatment may be, be sure to involve your healthcare professional throughout the entire process. He can help choose the most effective treatment strategies while minimizing complications and side effects.
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